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- India ranks second in the production and consumption of rice in the global market. The most of the production comes from kharif crops. The rainfed kharif crops are to a great extent depends on South West Monsoon.
- Kharif or Winter is the main rice growing season in the country. It is known as Winter Rice or Kharif Rice as per the harvesting time.
- The winter crop sowing takes place between June and October and harvesting is between November and April.
- This indicates the high dependence of the rice crop on the south-west monsoon which is occurs over the subcontinent from June through September.
- About 84% of the country's rice crop is grown in this season and generally, medium to long duration varieties are grown in this season.
- The normal area under kharif rice is about 403 lakh hectares till 2002.
- Winter rice is known by various names in India. For example: it is known as 'Aman' in West Bengal, 'Sali' in Assam, 'Sarrad' in Orissa, 'Agahani' in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 'Sarava' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Mundakan' in Kerala and 'Samba/Thaladi' in Tamil Nadu.
- Kharif rice production typically accounts for 87 to 88 percent of India's total production. The 2003 monsoon favored most of the Kharif rice areas.
- The Kharif rice crop is sown around the beginning of the Southwest Monsoon and harvested in the autumn months.
Statewise Production of Kharif Rice in India
| Production of Kharif Rice in India in '000 tonnes | ||||
| State | 1974-74 | 1984-85 | 1994-95 | 1999-00 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 3,882.6 | 4,857.6 | 5,988.7 | 7,046.0 |
| Assam | 1,936.5 | 2,382.9 | 3,096.3 | 3,206.9 |
| Bihar | 4,452.2 | 5,301.6 | 6,093.5 | 7,441.6 |
| Gujrat | 177.8 | 838.1 | 942.1 | 984.9 |
| Haryana | 393.0 | 1,363.0 | 2,227.0 | 2,594.0 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 96.8 | 117.2 | 112.2 | 120.9 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 456.0 | 569.0 | 584.7 | 2,335.5 |
| Karnataka | 1,681.0 | 1,940.3 | 391.1 | 2,604.0 |
| Kerala | 1,137.7 | 1,088.9 | 827.3 | 6,463.0 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 2,421.4 | 3,761.2 | 626.2 | 6,376.5 |
| Maharashtra | 1,376.6 | 2,131.9 | 2,329.5 | 2,475.9 |
| Manipur | 274.7 | 332.5 | 478.3 | 365.0 |
| Orissa | 2,967 | 3,850 | 5,831 | 4,275 |
| Punjab | 1,179.0 | 5,052.0 | 7,703.0 | 8,716.0 |
| Rajasthan | 100.2 | 212.8 | 173.2 | 252.6 |
| Tamil Nadu | 3,511.1 | 5,309.6 | 6,753.8 | 5,778.6 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 3,520.0 | 7,153.1 | 10,354.8 | 12,898.0 |
| West Bengal | 5,687.0 | 6,822.6 | 9,222.9 | 9,291.0 |
Yearwise Production of Kharif Rice in India
| Year | Production (in '000 tonnes) | Year | Production (in '000 tonnes) |
| 1974-75 | 35,925.8 | 1987-88 | 49,049.3 |
| 1975-76 | 44,744.8 | 1988-89 | 63,376.3 |
| 1976-77 | 39,265.5 | 1989-90 | 65,877.8 |
| 1977-78 | 48,947.0 | 1990-91 | 66,317.1 |
| 1978-79 | 49,336.7 | 1991-92 | 66,367.8 |
| 1979-80 | 38,486.3 | 1992-93 | 65,242.8 |
| 1980-81 | 50,089.5 | 1993-94 | 70,723.8 |
| 1981-82 | 49,244.7 | 1994-95 | 72,602.7 |
| 1982-83 | 43,164.4 | 1995-96 | 67,878.8 |
| 1983-84 | 55,052.2 | 1996-97 | 71,322.6 |
| 1984-85 | 53,781.7 | 1997-98 | 72,519.9 |
| 1985-86 | 59,392.2 | 1998-99 | 72,665.9 |
| 1986-87 | 53,560.9 | 1999-00 | 76,705.7 |
